Origins and Spread of Islam. Origins and Spread. Islam. Birth and Early. Life of Muhammad (5. Muhammad is born in. Mecca. Orphaned by age 6 and cared for by his uncle. At the age of 9 or. Arabia. and Syria. By adulthood, Muhammad ran his own caravan, becoming a. As a trade merchant, Muhammad was exposed to Judaism. Christianity, and a variety of polytheistic religions. Vision and Early. Proselytizing (6. By adulthood. Muhammad (who refused to worship Arabian tribal gods) had begun. Mecca. In 6. 10. according to Islamic tradition, he was visited by the Angel Gabriel.
Global Depression Causes (1930s) 1. Adherence to the Gold Standard: Leading up to WWI, many nations abandoned the gold standard in order to manipulate their.He claimed to be instructed to preach and convert his fellow. Arabs, to rescue them from their . He immediately. encountered heavy persecution. Muhammad faced ridicule, but was. Cara setting Firewall di Windows 7 untuk men-filter semua koneksi yang masuk (inbound) maupun keluar (outbound). Ada 3 pilihan profil yaitu Home Network, Work Network. Adobe Flash Player 26.0.0.137 Final Install Offline adalah suatu plug in browser gratis yang mana berfungsi untuk menjalankan flash suatu web. Hashim family. Opponents tried to. Hashims to withdraw protection (meaning blood revenge. Muhammad attempted to. Islam less threatening to fellow Arabs by positioning it as another. Arabian religion, replete with reminiscent pilgrimages and rituals, but. The new clan leadership. Muhammad. He moved to Medina after converts. Converts grew substantially in Medina. All. converted Meccans followed him to Medina. Muhammad eagerly began. Jewish tribes of Medina, presenting Islam as a. Jewish prophecy, and himself as the last in line of. Hebrew prophets. He also taught that believers should pray toward the. Jerusalem. When they rejected him as a prophet, he changed. Mecca. Muhammad Rises to. Power in Medina and War with Mecca (6. Muhammad is nominated. Medina in 6. 20. Mecca confiscated property and land of. Muslims, prompting Muslims of Medina to raid Mecca caravans. From 6. 24- 2. 8, Muhammad leads Medina Muslims in an. Mecca. Maps. com - The World's Largest Maps Store! Conquest of. Arabian Peninsula (6. In 6. 28, Medina and. Mecca enter into a peace treaty. Muhammad redirects focus to surrounding. Arab and Jewish tribes, in an attempt to convert them to Islam via. By 6. 30, the Muslims had gained substantially in strength. When Mecca aided an ally tribe in their invasion of a tribe. Medina, the truce was broken, and Muhammad conquered Mecca. Through military conquest and. Muhammad proceeded to conquer nearly all remaining Arabic. Arabia, with most Arabs being converted to Islam. Death of Muhammad. Expansion of Muslim Empire (6. After the death of. Muhammad in 6. 32, the Muslims aggressively expanded north to gain control. Arab- Muslim Empire. Arabian Peninsula. Initially, Muslim Arabs did not. The primary expectation was that they comply. Arab- Muslim rule. Islam was still viewed primarily as an Arab. Muslim Empire. conversion was often discouraged. Save as much as 7. National Geographic merchandise! As garrisons of Arab. Near- East, in places such as. Iraq, they intermixed with the local populations, establishing Islam as. Islam in the process. Others voluntarily. Initial converts were. Umayyad Dynasty (6. Arab favoritism. and reduced tax revenues. The Umayyads actively limited conversions. The. more pious Abbasid Dynasty (7. Islam widely. available, increasing the percentage of Muslims within the empire from. Turks and Mongols generally. Islam themselves, carrying the Islamic mantle forward, and. Central/Southern Asia and into. Europe. Save up to 8. Blue. Dolphin. com. Genealogy Search.
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How Volvo Lost The Plot. Depending on your sense of history, you might remember when Volvos were deemed “boxy but nice.” Maybe even farther back you recall the sleek P1. But no matter what era you’re from, you almost certainly equate Volvo with safety. And believe it or not, Volvo’s advertising hasn’t followed the plot in a long time, and through the disaster that was Ford’s ownership the brand is still trying to claw back to what it once was. Volvo’s advertising highs and lows are a direct window into how that happened. In the late 1. 98. Acura, Lexus and Infiniti were just coming on the scene and Volvo was a small, standalone car company selling a lot of station wagons to families. Volvo’s advertising used great visuals that highlighted the strength of the car in crashes, as well performance- oriented messages that said things like, “until Ferrari makes a station wagon, this is it.” The company tagline was “A Car You Can Believe In.”At that time, Volvos were practical, and generally defined as a “need to have car.” In fact, if you were a new parent, a college professor or just saw yourself as responsible, when it came time to buy a new car, your DNA probably said, “I guess I HAVE to check out a Volvo.” In 1. Volvo was selling 9. U. S. Its agency at that time, Scali Mc. Cabe Sloves, only had to worry about print, TV, and radio as there was no internet—or at least, not as we know it today. Volvo Starts The 1. With A Crisis. As the saying goes, “shit happens.” Around 1. Scali attended a monster truck event and took note that a row of cars that were crushed included a Volvo sedan. What struck this person was that the Volvo was much less deformed than all the other cars. What a great idea for a Volvo ad, he decided. Scali went to Volvo and sold them on the idea that the visual of the Volvo, uncrushed among all the crushed cars, would make a great TV and print ad to highlight Volvo’s vehicular strength. Volvo agreed. So Scali’s creatives went about staging a monster truck event that would be the centerpiece of a new ad. It is worthwhile noting that the commercial was staged at a real monster truck event, set up and filmed before the real event started, with the actual audience for the event in their seats. Agency creatives realized that the Volvo they had put in the line of cars for the ad would stand out MORE if it didn’t deform at all, while the other cars were flattened. So, to achieve this dramatic effect, all the pillars of the cars to be run over were weakened, with the exception of the Volvo. It received a welded- in rollcage. All of this modification occurred in front of the audience, but one or more people in attendance were apparently disgruntled Volvo or Scali employees who took careful note of what they were seeing. Bear Foot, the famed monster truck, drove over everything perfectly. The results were obvious as the Volvo was still standing, almost untouched. So all the creatives went out that night on Volvo’s account, and had a pleasant expensed dinner and congratulated themselves on a job well done. Little did the agency realize that this commercial would become the basis of a shitstorm destined to become infamous. Let me digress for a moment and tell you that while creatives everywhere who worked on ads dreamed up all kinds of supernatural fantasy things we could show a car doing, a client rarely approved it as they were afraid of liability. On the occasion it was approved, we knew to have a disclaimer saying something to the effect of “closed course, professional driver, do not try this yourself.” You see these in ads all the time. There were no exceptions to using that disclaimer because years before, Honda had shown an ATV going up the side of a barn in an ad and some idiot tried that, killing himself in the process. His relatives sued Honda and I assumed they settled. The fate of the failure of the Scali and Volvo relationship was sealed when the “Monster Truck” ad was produced and published. The reason for that seems lost to history but its presence was lacking in both the TV and print ads. So, the idea that it was just a mistake is highly improbable, and serves as a teaching moment for all creatives since. When the ads came out, “our” angry employees took note and filed a complaint with the Texas Attorney General, where the ad had been shot. That office started a case which resulted in Volvo having to a pay a substantial fine. Way back in the 1980’s when I just got my license, I was all into the offroad scene, especially the car crushing monster trucks that would make their rounds from. As one might imagine, Volvo was blindsided and “A Car You Can Believe In” seemed less genuine, to say the least. Major news outlets picked up the story. The negative coverage had the momentum of a freight train, seemingly unstoppable. The result of this clusterfuck was predictable; the account went into review in 1. Scali was not invited to defend it. A New Start. The winner was a young, upstart agency, whose name was tough to pronounce unless your dad happens to be some kind of Count: it was Messner Vetere Berger Carey Schmetterer. British born agency creative Michael Lee led the effort. In looking at Swedish culture, newly renamed MVBMS discovered that people in Sweden routinely said “Drive Safely” to their loved ones as they were headed out the door in the morning. A new tagline was born. I’m not going to make a dumb Cars and Coffee joke; instead, I’m going to just marvel at the fact that starting this fall, every new base V8 2018 Ford Mustang GT. Call Now: 888-591-5381 No Fooling, We Are Not Joking Around About These Savings! Get a $35 Gift Card for Every $100 Spent on Online Ship-to-Home Orders at AutoZone! FREE SHIPPING! Retro Muscle Car Styling. Add the aggressive looks of a late 60's Muscle Car to your 21st century ride with a set of Modern Muscle Design Quarter. Subscribe and SAVE, give a gift subscription or get help with an existing subscription by clicking the links below each cover image. Creative direction was finalized, support music developed and a strong voice- over actor was chosen to represent the brand: Donald Sutherland. This combination would serve Volvo for over 1. Between 1. 99. 1 and 2. U. S. The account was now worth $2. During that decade, the campaign changed to “Volvo for Life” with a global message of “Revolvolution” when the convertible version of the C7. At the same time, Volvo Cars’ design language evolved from boxy to more rounded, and so did the public’s view of them. The public liked what they saw. They did not just need a Volvo, they now wanted a Volvo. And, with the introduction of the C7. In industry- speak, Volvo had produced its first “desire to have” car. In that period, every car maker started to talk about safety and include messages about anti- lock brakes and safety cages, airbags and more. Euro RSCG and Volvo looked at abandoning safety as a message, but it was deemed integral to their DNA, so instead they doubled down. The ads started to show people living wonderful lives where they relied on the car to get them where they needed to go, safely. During that time, “A Volvo Saved My Life” campaign, and club, would be started. People who had been in horrific, threatening crashes, and survived because they were in a Volvo, were highlighted. It was nothing short of moving. Then, shit happened again, in the form of Ford. Enter Ford. You see, that scrappy car company was doing so well that in 1. Ford, who was creating the Premier Automotive Group, simply called, inelegantly, PAG. PAG was an umbrella corporation that included Jaguar, Land Rover, Aston Martin, Lincoln and, as of 2. Volvo. It was all run by a guy whose name sounded like European royalty: Wolfgang Rietzle. Then CEO of Ford, Jacques Nasser, wanted Volvo so badly, he paid $6 billion with Ford family money for it. In 2. 00. 1, people I had known for years were gone and replaced with Ford people, and they saw Volvo as part of the collective PAG group, which I deemed to be lacking some soul. That soul was replaced with chaos that I experiences personally. At the time I produced a presentation for an executive that was to be sent to PAG executives in London. The slot to present it, on the day of the presentation, was pushed aside to discuss the future of aromatherapy and lifestyle accessories. This was followed by Volvo’s sponsorship of hip- hop artist Ghostface Killa. Volvo even decided that sponsoring video games made sense. My last Volvo client left soon thereafter, or was institutionalized, and I was on the outside looking in. Can Volvo Beat BMW And Audi? Between then and 2. Volvo introduced the XC9. XC6. 0, C3. 0, S4. XC7. 0 and much more. Yet Ford, and the marketing people it hired, felt that safety was really of no interest as a talking point. All those people who had been trained to buy a Volvo were thrown under the bus. A new direction was taken. Ford executives felt that Volvo was competitive with BMW, Audi and Mercedes, perhaps simply because they wished it to be so. Yet everyone who had worked on the Volvo business knew something that Ford did not know, even though Ford had that data in their files: people who buy BMW, Audi and Mercedes do not cross shop Volvo unless they are purely looking to save money and want a really cheap lease, if it is made available. Volvo people wanted a Volvo. Otherwise, Acura and Lincoln people would “step up” and buy a Volvo as their first European car. That was a critical difference that was ignored as sales declines would reflect. And a model for selling Swedish cars at fire sale prices already existed in Saab; it was losing $3. A New Start (Again)The 2. Ford. Cash was needed, since the Ford family chose not to file bankruptcy with General Motors and Chrysler, keeping the company afloat with private loans instead. Volvo was an asset worth some money, but its sales were sinking like the Titanic because it had been starved of money for product development. By 2. 01. 0, Volvo sales would sink to 5. Ford would sell off Land Rover and Jaguar to Tata, Aston Martin to a private equity fund and Volvo to Chinese company Geely. They would thankfully send Wolfgang back to wherever someone named Wolfgang comes from. Geely paid $1. 3 billion and the sale was completed in 2. That’s a loss of $4. Ford. To its credit, Geely agreed to leave the Swedes alone and not send a bunch of suits to run the place. Volvo shrunk its offerings by dropping the S4. V4. 0, C3. 0, C7. V7. 0 and let the S8. They committed $1. XC9. 0, S9. 0 and V9. XC6. 0 that has just been launched. Meanwhile, with the elimination of the C3. Volvo killed its least expensive car and abandoned the lower end of the market, one that Subaru has now conveniently picked up. Free 2. 02- Page e. Book! Download “Adobe CC & CS6 Design Basics”The 2. 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Download Free Adobe CS5 Book on Photoshop, Dreamweaver, more. Add “Export to Microsoft Excel” to the Right- Click Menu in Internet Explorer. The Export to Microsoft Excel context menu option in Internet Explorer helps you export tabular data in a Web page to Microsoft Excel. If for some reason the Export to Microsoft Excel option is not added after installing Microsoft Office, you can add it back manually. Add . Unzip and run the appropriate REG file (exporttoexcel. Microsoft Excel installed. To remove the option, run the file undo. Usage. Open Internet Explorer and browse a Web page containing tabular data. SharePoint keeps prompting you for credentials in the following scenarios: You get prompted for credentials when you access the site in the browser. I’ve recently upgraded to Windows 8.1 which I must agree is a great improvement over the start screen and desktop interaction. While there are some new features the. Upload a file by using the REST API and jQuery. Learn how to upload a local file to a SharePoint folder by using the REST API and jQuery AJAX requests. Right- click on the data and choose Export to Microsoft Excel. Select one or more tables by clicking the arrows corresponding to each table. For more information, see Microsoft Office Online article Getting data from the Web in Excel. About the author. Ramesh Srinivasan founded Winhelponline. He is passionate about Microsoft technologies and has a vast experience in the ITe. S industry — delivering support for Microsoft's consumer products. He has been a Microsoft MVP. R1 (1. 1. 1. 1. 7. Release Notes. Last Updated January 3. This document lists known issues for this release. As new issues arise, they will be added to this document. Your input helps us make the product better. Please use the JDeveloper community discussion forum on OTN for questions and answers, as well as to let us know what you think! Please refer to the installation guide (http: //download. E1. 79. 04. Make Java 6 the default VM. Run Java Preferences (in /Applications/Utilities/Java)Move the Java SE 6 (6. Javascript Export To Excel Ie8 Upgrade For WindowsBit) to the top of the Java application versions list (General tab)2. Create a symbolic link for classes. Enable root user. Open the Directory Utility app from Applications - Utility. Ensure the settings are unlocked (click the lock if necessary)Choose Edit > Enable Root User and provide the root user password. Note, you can return to this same screen to disable root user after creating the symbolic link. Create the symbolic link: cd /System. Library/Frameworks/Java. VM. framework/Versions/1. Home/su rootmkdir jre. CD jremkdir lib. CD libln - s ./././Classes/classes. An additional step is required to successfully run applications on Mac systems that have Java for Mac OS X 1. Since Microsoft acquired LinkedIn, I’ve been dreading the day notifications to add someone I’ve never met to my professional network pop up in my screen. Update 4 installed (8. Open the jdev. conf file. The file is located in the MW. In the event that it is necessary to apply patches to Integrated WLS, you can use either the Smart. Update feature of WLS or Oracle Opatch depending on how the patch is provided from Oracle. IDEUnable to connect to SVN server using TLS (2. JDeveloper includes SVNKIT 1. TLS for making a secure connection to the Subverion server. In cases where SSL 3 has been disabled on the server and TLS is being used instead, JDeveloper will be unable to connect. There is a patch available that updates the version of SVNKIT to 1. TLS support. Refer to patch number 2. Database Development. Error message when you have one or more unsupported database objects in the Database Cart (1. If you try to deploy unsupported objects to an Oracle Database Cloud Service connection you will see an error message. Unsupported objects are, for example, external tables, database links, materialized views, materialized view logs, synonyms, objects from a non- Oracle connection type, objects that use an unsupported datatype. For more information about the database objects that are not supported, see . Usages of packaged procedures and functions from within the package body are only listed when you use Find Usages on the definition in the package body. The usages are not listed together. Goto Declaration and Find Usages for Type methods (1. Methods in Type bodies may not be correctly identified when you use Goto Declaration or Find Usages. Creating a Database View on a Database Diagram (1. When you first create a new view in a live database on a database diagram, the relational usage that the view has on a table is shown as NOT LOCATED. The workaround is to save the diagram and either use View > Refresh, or close the diagram and reopen it, and the relational usage will be shown correctly. Migrating . generate Files from Earlier Releases of JDeveloper (1. The persistence format of . JDeveloper 1. 0. 1. JDeveloper 1. 1. 1. If you are migrating from earlier releases to JDeveloper 1. JDeveloper and you have . JDeveloper 1. 1. 1. The way to do this is to open the . OK to save the file. Generating from Offline DB to SQL Script (1. If you generate offline database objects from an offline database to a SQL script, and in the Choose Operation page you select Override Schema, an error is reported. The workaround is to generate the SQL script without selecting Override Schema and specify a different schema by editing the generated SQL file. Alternatively, rename the schema in the offline database before generating the script. In this case you need to check Prefix object name with schema name on the . If you want to configure a Web. Logic Server 1. 0. ADF application , you will need to install Web. Logic Server 1. 0. JRF template to add the ADF runtime libraries. To do this: Create a new domain using the configuraiton wizard for the Web. Logic Server 1. 0. For example: < login- config> < auth- method> FORM< /auth- method> < form- login- config> < form- login- page> /login. Installing the Oracle Java Cloud Service SDK (1. If you are deploying an application to Oracle Public Cloud you first need to download and install the Oracle Java Cloud Service SDK. Download the Oracle Java Cloud Service SDK from http: //cloud. The downloaded SDK is a ZIP file which contains a top- level directory oracle- javacloud- sdk- X. If you unzip the file into the default location $MW. If you unzip into a different location, you must set that location in the Oracle Public Cloud page of the Preferences dialog. Configuring Web. Sphere Application Server to Allow Reuse of Query Result Sets. Web. Sphere Application Server closes shared database connections between application generated requests. You need to set two properties in Web. Sphere to allow reuse of result sets. Use the Web. Sphere Application Server administrative console to set the non- transactional datasource and Disable. Multi. Threaded. Servlet. Connection. Mgmt properties. Start Web. Sphere Application Server administrative console. Navigate to Data sources > DB2 Universal JDBC Driver XA Data. Source > Web. Sphere Application Server data source properties and set Non- transactional data source to enabled. Save the configuration. Navigate to Application servers > server. For more details, refer to the Java web site at http: //www. Ojdeploy Behavior Change When Using - nodependencies (1. In earlier versions, the - nodependencies flag prevented deployment from following Project to Project dependencies, now this flag also prevents Profile to Project dependencies. Ojdeploy will only compile and package the targeted project's contents. This also means that EAR profiles, which use profile dependencies to assemble other Java EE modules, will not deploy those automatically. Each composed module must be individually packaged using ojdeploy before the EAR is deployed. Web Services Development. Some combinations of features can result in JDeveloper running our of Per. Gen space (1. 32. You might see the error . There is no fix for this problem; but it is resolved in 1. Ignore warning message displayed when upgrading JAX- RPC web service in JDeveloper (8. When upgrading a JAX- RPC Web service developed using JDeveloper from Oracle Containers for J2. EE (OC4. J) to Oracle Web. Logic Server 1. 0. This warning is displayed when the OC4. J Web service contains whitespace or carriage return characters within the code. This warning can be ignored. WARNING: A Text node was set to a value that is all whitespace. The DOM will be out of sync with the Text Buffer. The Text Node on reparse will also be removed from the DOM. Avoid creating multiple top down web services in the same project/package (7. Unless they are operating on the same schema avoid creating multiple top- down web services in the same project as each successive top- down service may overwrite the Object. Factory class created by the previous one if generated into the same package. Manually edit the header details if invoking WLS stateful (conversational) web services from HTTP Analyzer (7. When calling conversational web services from HTTP Analyzer, the request message headers for the 'continue' methods need to be manually updated with the conversation id that is specific to that particular conversation. This value is available from the response SOAP message of the method that starts the conversation. From the response message of the conversation start method, copy the xml tags similar to the one below: < conv: Continue. Header xmlns: conv=. Known problems include JAX. There are a few workarounds for this problem: *# Only do wrapped parameters, when starting from a java class Create a bean object that contains all the properties. When creating the web service make sure you select Document/Literal rather than Document/Wrapped to prevent double wrapping. The design time JAX- WS proxy creation does not currently warn the user if the supplied WSDL document contains conversational behavior advertisement. Even though the tool leads to a successful generation of JAX- WS client artifacts, invoking the service from this client results in a SOAPFault. Exception. Only the conversation 'start' methods will get executed successfully. Invoking any other conversational methods after a conversation 'start' method will result in error. The workaround is to use a JAX- RPC style proxy client to call a stateful service deployed in the weblogic server. JAX- WS async client for a 1. BPEL process will not run by default (7. The BPEL server included in 1. SOA only knows how to use the '2. WS- Addressing specification. The JAX- WS async client will be default generate a client that by modifying the WS. To support the '2. In the callback handler you need fix the code that requests the relates. To. Header as shown here. Header. List ..//Header relates. Toheader = header. List. get(WS. Now the BPEL service explicitly defines both the Reply. To and Message. ID headers in the WSDL so the default proxy generator will map these to method parameters. Assuming that you accept this default you need to pass both the reply. To address and the message ID in as parameters to the method rather than as header as you will see in the generated code. The only exception for this is the WS- Addressing action header which if it is required should be set using the '2. Here is an example that invokes a loan process that has the required edits. In such cases, Table. Row. Down. Sync may not produce the expected result. 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List of Batman supporting characters. The Batman supporting characters are a collective of fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. These characters are depicted as allies of the superhero. Batman. Since Batman's introduction in 1. TEACHING GUIDES Those who can, teach. Those who teach, Shmoop. Shmoop Teaching guides are idea generators intended to help you supplement your lesson plans. Port Manteaux churns out silly new words when you feed it an idea or two. Enter a word (or two) above and you'll get back a bunch of portmanteaux created by jamming. The first Batman supporting character was Commissioner James Gordon, who first appeared in the same comic book as Batman in Detective Comics #2. May 1. 93. 9), and is Batman's ally in the Gotham City Police Department. Robin, Batman's vigilante partner, was introduced in the Spring of 1. Alfred Pennyworth, Batman's butler, was introduced in 1. Barbara Gordon was introduced in 1. Batman also forms strong bonds or close working relationships with other superheroes, including Justice League members Superman, Green Arrow, and Zatanna, as well as members of the Outsiders superhero team. Others such as Jason Bard, Harold, Onyx, and Toyman work for him. In addition, Batman has perhaps the most well known collection of adversaries in fiction, commonly referred to as Batman's rogues gallery, which includes the Joker, Penguin, and Two- Face, among others. Gotham City Police Department. Appearing alongside the main character in his first appearance, Gordon was the first Batman supporting character. Of particular note, is that in the early days of the characters, Gordon was not allied with Batman, and was more antagonistic towards him. However, he was a friend of Bruce Wayne. Jim retired several months after NML. She made her first full appearance in Batman #4. Crispus Allen was a fortysomething police veteran transferred to Gotham City where he was partnered with detective Renee Montoya on the Gotham City Police Department's Major Crimes Unit. Allen had a loving wife and two teenaged sons, whom he put above his job and the safety of others when Gotham was in crisis. Allen saw Batman as a necessary evil, not wanting to deal with him but tolerating his presence. Their occasional interactions illustrated his views on Batman, notably during Brian Azzarello's . Allen was an agnostic who doubted the existence of God in spite of his family's strong faith. Harvey Bullock was brought in to be a pain in the side of commissioner Gordon, but after accidentally causing a heart attack, his character repented, and has been a near constant presence since then. He is presented as being a slob and constantly suspected of corruption, but ultimately a good cop and strong ally to Gordon. Jason Bard is a cop from Detroit hired by Jim Gordon and put into the MCU. He later helps Batman escape from a trap of GCPD led by the corrupt new Commissioner Jack Forbes. Prior to the New 5. Pre- Crisis, and Post- Crisis was hired to be Batman's daytime liaison in the . Batman is often the team leader or, in some cases, its dispatch. Various members of the group usually interact with one another and assist in each other's cases, even within their respective series. Although some members occasionally resent Batman’s intrusion into their lives, all respect him as a legend within the superhero community and rarely dare to challenge his authority. Alfred raised Bruce Wayne after his parents were killed and considers Bruce a son in the much the same way that he considers Bruce's adopted children his grandchildren. Heir to the Batman title and considered The DC universe's greatest acrobat and greatest leader (he led several incarnations of the Justice League and the Teen Titans), things he surpassed his mentor in. As an adult, he took up the identity of Nightwing, and served as protector of Bl. During an extended absence of Bruce's, Dick temporarily served as Batman. In the New 5. 2, Grayson returned to the identity of Nightwing. In Forever Evil, Nightwing's secret identity was exposed by the Crime Syndicate to the public, so after faking his death, with Batman being the only one who knows he is alive, he has joined the secret organization known as Spyral as Agent 3. Nightwing. Red Robin (Tim Drake) – The adopted son of Bruce Wayne. Another teenage crime fighter whose skill drove him to want to assist Batman after the death of Jason Todd. After his family is threatened and moved into witness protection, he is adopted as Bruce Wayne's son, becomes the third Robin, and later becomes the hero known as . He later leaves Gotham, and leads a new team called the . Barbara began operating as Batgirl soon after the first appearance of Robin. Batman recognized some skills in the kid and took him in as the second Robin. He later gets murdered by the Joker. Six months later, he was resurrected in a damaged state after Talia al Ghul tossed him in the Lazarus Pit which healed him completely. When Jason learns that Batman never avenged his death by killing Joker, he became Red Hood, his murderer's former alias and became at odds with the Batman Family. In the New 5. 2, he makes an uneasy truce with the Bat- Family and wears the Bat- Signal on his costume. He forms a team with Starfire and Arsenal to investigate a group called . Damian is raised largely by subordinates in Ra's al Ghul's League of Assassins and trained by his mother until he began living in Gotham with the Wayne family. After Dick Grayson takes up the mantle of Batman, he chooses Damian to be the new Robin. Damian continues to operate as Robin, actively serving with his father upon his reemergence and Grayson's reemergence as Nightwing. In eighth issue of the New 5. Batman Incorporated series, Damian gets stabbed in the stomach with a sword by his clone, The Heretic and dies. Damian is then revived from the Chaos Shard on Apokolips during the comic series Robin Rises. Ace the Bat- Hound – In 1. Superman mythos saw the introduction of Krypto, the Batman mythos introduced Ace the Bat- Hound, a German Shepherd with a black mask covering most of his head, who helped Batman and Robin on various cases. Ace later reappeared as Bruce's guard dog and companion in the television series Batman Beyond (in which Ace is portrayed as a black Danish hound), and the 2. Krypto the Superdog. He also makes appearances as Batman's crime- fighting partner on the TV show Batman: The Brave and the Bold. The modern comic book version of Ace depicts him as a companion to Harold. In the new Batman and Robin, Bruce adopts a Great Dane for Damian. He names the dog Titus. Damian at first does not like the dog, but the two eventually bond. Bruce and Damian call the dog Ace as a nickname. Batwoman (Kate Kane) – A wealthy heiress and disgraced former West Point cadet who became a superhero, Kate Kane appeared after the timeline- altering Infinite Crisis in the pages of 5. In the wake of Bruce Wayne's apparent death in 2. Batwoman was the feature character in Detective Comics for a short time, which prompted the launch of a Batwoman solo series with the onset of the New 5. Catwoman (Selina Kyle) – One of Batman's early adversaries. In later years, she becomes his frequent love interest and defender of Gotham City's East End. Batman calls her out of retirement to infiltrate an Amazon sect. In the New 5. 2, Selina is a 2. Batman. Even though she is not considered an actual member of Batman's team, she has helped Batman and his allies in various missions. The Spoiler (Stephanie Brown) – The daughter of Cluemaster who became a teenage superhero. She was Tim Drake's love interest. When Tim retired, Stephanie became the new Robin but was fired for disobeying Batman's orders. She became Spoiler again and went after Black Mask. Black Mask captured and tortured her. He then killed her. Leslie Thompkins faked her death and hid it from Batman and Robin until later on. She became Spoiler again and fights by Batman's side. When Cassandra Cain left the mantle of Batgirl, Stephanie becomes the new Batgirl. She is reintroduced in the New 5. Batman Eternal once again as Spoiler; she adopts the title after being forced on the run by her father, Cluemaster. Bluebird (Harper Row) – A young, punky Gotham City electrical engineer who wants to assist Batman in repayment for protecting her brother and her from an assault, much to Batman's frustration. Julia Pennyworth – A SRR agent and Alfred's daughter, Julia took Alfred's place, when she found out Batman's secret, after her father was attacked by Hush. Orphan (Cassandra Cain/Wayne) – A martial artsprodigy and daughter of the assassins. David Cain and Lady Shiva. After abandoning this role, she briefly became leader of the League of Assassins. After Bruce Wayne returns, it is revealed that Cassandra's disillusionment was a ruse, and that she had willingly handed over her Batgirl mantle to Stephanie under her mentor's request she do so in the event of his death or disappearance, so that her friend could grow as a hero even without Bruce's involvement. Tim Drake is revealed to have been in regular contact with her. She now operates as Black Bat, Batman Inc.'s representative in Hong Kong. She returned to Gotham during the events of Batman: Gates of Gotham to help stop the Architect from destroying the city. She returned to the mainstream continuity afterward in the 2. Batman and Robin Eternal, where at the end she took her father's alias, Orphan. Clayface (Basil Karlo) – A former member of Batman's rogues gallery who is recruited by Batwoman to join her and Batman's team in Detective Comics. Tim Drake invents a device for Basil Karlo to allow him to hold his human form long enough to be allowed to live a normal life as a human and then be able to switch back into Clayface to fight crime with the team. The Signal (Duke Thomas) – Batman's newest partner in training. He comes to work for Batman after his parents are made insane. He has recently joined Batman's team in Detective Comics. Batman (Terry Mc. Ginnis) – The Batman of the future. Azrael (Jean- Paul Valley) – Azrael was a genetically modified assassin of the Order of St. Dumas who once replaced Bruce Wayne as Batman when he was badly injured by Bane. Valley defeated Bane, but grew increasingly paranoid and violent. Bruce was forced to reclaim the mantle of the Bat. Create custom t-shirts and personalized shirts at CafePress. 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